JPATS Aerospace Test Dummies
Available Models
- Humanetics
- 200-0000 - JPATS-1 PERCENTILE
- 240-0000 - JPATS 103 LBS.
- 190-0000 - JPATS 99TH
Overview
The JPATS dummies were produced as part of the Joint Primary Aircraft Training System developed by the Armed Services starting in 1993. The training system consists of the aircraft, support systems-ground equipment, and ejection seat dummies to test the escape systems. It was designed to allow prospective pilots for the US Air Force, Army, Coast Guard, Marines, and Navy to do their initial training on one common aircraft.
The JPATS program was structured to accept production of components for industries in various countries, in addition to the United States, that would use the aircraft. This would make the system attractive to allies and increase its range of use and thus introduce further economies into the project. With this in mind the system was developed to accommodate the largest number of potential military pilots possible.To do this the JPATS ejection seat dummies were sized to include 95 percent of the personnel expected to be military pilot candidates throughout the world.
FTSS was contracted to design and develop the Anthropomorphic range of JPATS Dummies from the small female pilot to the large male pilot. Each test dummy was designed to replicate the weight and dimensions of the human body. In addition, each test dummy has the capability for installation of an on-board telemetry data system. The JPATS Aerospace Test Dummies are the latest human surrogate developments for pilot ejection seat testing.
Use
The JPATS series dummies are used to test the performance of aircraft ejection seats.They are dressed and provided with prototype flight gear, then placed in the ejection seat in the aircraft or test body for sled testing. When the dummy is ejected, the transducers on the dummy measure inertial, force, and moment loads, with the information to be used in predicting the effect of the ejection on the well-being of the pilot. Military standard occupant protection criteria are used to evaluate dummy and ejection system performance based upon these test results.
Anthropometry
The dummy sizes were based on multivariate analysis. Evaluation of the range of personnel to be accommodated resulted in (8) “JPATS Cases” of human size:
- Case 1 - Small
- Case 2 - Medium Build/Short Limbs
- Case 3 - Medium Build/Long Limbs
- Case 4 -Tall sitting Height/Short Limbs
- Case 5 - Overall Large
- Case 6 - Longest Limbs
- Case 7 - Overall Small
- Case 8 - LargestTorso
The JPATS-99 large dummy is designed to represent Case 6 at 245 lbs. The small JPATS-1 at 116 lbs and the JPATS-103 LOIS at 103 lbs were both built to represent Case 1. LOIS stands for Lightest Occupant In Service.
Dummy Design
The dummies are of sit-stand or pedestrian construction so that they may be placed in the ejection seat in the aircraft and then assume a standing position after ejection and man-seat separation. The limbs are modular so that dummy body segments may be easily replaced. The large JPATS upper leg is one continuous molded piece to avoid gapping and snaring of the flight suit. (The photo shows segmented legs). This has not been found to be required with the small size JPATS dummies.
JSF Heads
The JPATS dummies will accept the JSF heads (Joint Strike Fighter program heads) which were designed using recent scanned anthropometry from the CAESAR project (Civilian American and European Surface Anthropometry Resource). These heads comply with current service requirements for helmet accommodation and testing. They are standard on the JPATS-99.
Construction
The head consists of a two-piece aluminum skull and cap, each covered by vinyl flesh. The parts separate to allow access for instrumentation.
The neck is a multi-component elastomer and aluminum plate molding - the Hybrid III automotive 95th male for the large and 5th female neck for the small JPATS. It attaches to the head through an aluminum nodding joint and nodding blocks and to the upper torso through automotive dummy type two-piece adjustable neck brackets. The upper and lower brackets are made of high-tensile steel for the JPATS-99, the upper bracket is steel and the lower is aluminum for the JPATS-1 and JPATS-103.
The upper torso has a welded spine box adapted to hold instrumentation and batteries.The ribs for the large dummy are 95th automotive and for the small dummies 5th automotive. They are fabricated of spring steel with composite damping material bonded on to absorb energy. They are tested toautomotive specifications. The shoulders are two piece manganese bronze castings that follow the Hybrid III automotive design. Lois shoulders are aluminum. Shoulder yokes for attachment of the arms are high-tensile steel. The spine box is a steel weldment with a removable front plate for access to an instrumentation cavity. The chest jacket is vinyl skin over urethane foam flesh.
The lumbar spine is a rubber cylinder with steel plates bonded in. It connects to the spine box and to the pelvis through an adapter and cup which can accommodate a 6-axis force and moment transducer.
The pelvis consists of vinyl skin and urethane foam molded over a machined aluminum casting. Separate buttocks and femurs are made for the small JPATS dummies - these items are included in the one-piece upper leg of the large JPATS.
The arms are 95th male or 5th female automotive arms, with metal (steel or aluminum) skeletons and vinyl skin over urethane foam. The hands are solid vinyl over metal bones. Joint areas are modified to increase the strength.
The legs of the dummy follow automotive practice with steel bones covered by vinyl skin and urethane foam, which may be removed. The feet are solid vinyl over metal bones. Steel skeletons are used in the JPATS-99 and the JPATS-1. In the JPATS-103 LOIS, many limb components use aircraft quality aluminum to lowert he weight.
Instrumentation
The dummies will accept: uniaxial accelerometers in triaxial configuration in the head chest and pelvis; 6-axis force and moment transducers in the spinal column at C1 (head), C7 (lower neck), L5 (pelvis cup), and in each femur; angular rate sensors in the upper torso for a total of 42 channels. On-board data acquisition equipment may be placed into the cavity provided in the spine box in the upper torso.
Calibration
The following measurements are performed on each dummy:
- Weight and center of gravity of each body segment
- Total dummy weight
- External dimensions
- Dynamic testing of the neck and thorax
- Knee testing (small dummies only) to relevant automotive dummy standards.
Product Verification
First Technology Safety Systems' manufacturing and inspection procedures result in high quality machined and molded parts. Procedures include certification of materials, verification of dimensions, and inspection of overall appearance of finished components.
Assembly Weights
| Dummy | Weight (lb) | Weight (kg) |
|---|---|---|
| JPATS -103 LOIS | 103.0 | 46.7 |
| JPATS-1 | 116.0 | 52.6 |
| JPATS-99 | 245.0 | 111.1 |
External Dimensions
| Dummy | Stature | Seated Height | Knee Height Sitting | Buttock-Knee Length Sitting | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| in | cm | in | cm | in | cm | in | cm | |
| JPATS-103 LOIS | 60.0 | 152.4 | 32.6 | 82.8 | 18.5 | 47.0 | 21.4 | 54.4 |
| JPATS-1 | 60.0 | 152.4 | 32.6 | 82.8 | 18.5 | 47.0 | 21.4 | 54.4 |
| JPATS-99 | 74.9 | 190.2 | 38.4 | 97.5 | 24.3 | 61.7 | 27.9 | 70.9 |